Laboratory Chemicals

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• Ethanol, often in high concentrations, is used to dissolve many water-insoluble medications and related compounds. Liquid preparations of pain medications, cough and cold medicines, and mouth washes, for example, may contain up to 25% ethanol[ and may need to be avoided in individuals with adverse reactions to ethanol such as alcohol-induced respiratory reactions. Ethanol is present mainly as an antimicrobial preservative in over 700 liquid preparations of medicine including acetaminophen, iron supplements, ranitidine, furosemide, mannitol, phenobarbital, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and over-the-counter cough medicine
• As a food additive, ethanol can help evenly distribute food coloring, as well as enhance the flavor of food extracts. For example, vanilla extract, a common food flavoring, is made by curing and processing vanilla beans in a solution of ethanol and water. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) only allows vanilla to be called “extract” when it has an alcohol or ethanol base. It is a primary alcohol, an alkyl alcohol, a volatile organic compound and a member of ethanols. 

• Inhalation- Occupational exposure limits (8-hour reference period) 1000 ppm (1900 mg/m³). Intoxicating if continuously inhaled for a long period of time. Move the person to fresh air, immediately perform artificial respiration if breathing has stopped. When breathing is difficult, properly-trained personnel may administer oxygen. Keep the person warm and at rest. Get medical attention promptly.
• Ingestion- Intoxicating if ingested. Never make an unconscious person vomit or drink fluids. Wash out mouth thoroughly, and give plenty of water to drink. Do not induce vomiting. Get medical attention immediately

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Sodium hypochlorite in solution exhibits broad spectrum anti-microbial activity and is widely used in healthcare facilities in a variety of settings. It is usually diluted in water depending on its intended use.